Vastushastra is the scientific compilation of building principles. It is very similar to feng shui in that it aims at harmonizing the flow of energy but it differs in the details of placement of elements and their directions.
Origin
Vastushastra evolved during Vedic times in India almost 5,000 years ago. It can be traced to early Indian texts called Vedas. It was applied in the planning of the ancient cities of Mohenjadaro and Harappa. The code directed the owner in the selection of site, planning and construction of his house. This helped in a systematic growth of the town. Vastushastra is still widely practiced in India.
Five Elements
Vastushastra revolves around the five elements of nature termed as Paanchbhootas:
- Prithvi (Earth)
- Paani (Water)
- Agni (Fire)
- Vayu (Air)
- Akash (Space/Sky)
It is based on the understanding that the five elements remain in equilibrium until disturbed by a man-made structure. Rules are thus laid out for planning and architecture so as to balance the energies from these elements. It is believed that by attaining equilibrium a person can live a healthy and prosperous life
Directions
The orientation of a building is given great importance. Vastushastra identifies eight directions: North, South, East, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest. Each direction is associated with a planet and a divine power from the Hindu mythology.
Vastu Purusha Mandala
Vastu Purusha Mandala is a diagram which forms the basis of Vastu planning. It is square in shape with a grid pattern. Portions are allocated to various Hindu Gods with the centre occupied by Brahama, Lord of the Universe.
The Vaastu Purusha is the presiding deity of any site. Usually he is depicted as lying on it with the head in the Northeast and the legs in the Southwest but he keeps changing his position throughout the year.
The principal Gods/ presiding deities of each direction are:
- NorthEast- Ruled by Lord of All Quarters (Religion, Faith)
- East- Ruled by Sun God (Progress, Growth)
- Southeast- Ruled by Lord of Fire (Energy)
- South- Ruled by Lord of Death (Death, Source of Wealth)
- SouthWest- Ruled by Ancestors (Purity, Cleanliness)
- West- Ruled by Lord of water (Water)
- NorthWest- Ruled by Winds (Ventilation)
- North- Ruled by Lord of Wealth (Wealth, Prosperity)
- Center- Ruled by Lord/Creator of the Universe (Spiritual Knowledge
Zoning of a site or a building depends on the position of the Gods occupying the various portions of the Mandala e.g. East facing entrances are preferred for prosperity and good health, kitchens are placed in the SE corner under the Lord of Fire.
Vastushastra is a vast science which requires in depth study. In a world which is struggling to strike a balance with nature, Vastu planning is witnessing resurgence, like its compatriot Feng Shui.
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